Why Didn’t The Eastern Roman Empire Fall? When the Roman Empire disintegrated over the course of the fifth century, only half of it actually fell, the western half. The eastern half of the Roman Empire would survive in one form or another for a thousand years. The Empire had always included a tremendous amount of ethnic, cultural, and linguistic diversity within its borders. Since it stretched from the Sahara to the North Sea and Britain to Arabia, that’s only to be expected. The greatest split, however, was between the Greek- speaking east and the Latin- speaking west. When the Romans began acquiring bits and pieces of the eastern Mediterranean in the second century BC, they encountered a highly developed, urban, populous, and rich series of societies stretching from Greece to Egypt.

This was the Greek world, the product of both centuries of Greek colonization and the conquests of Alexander the Great. Cities like Antioch in Syria and Alexandria in Egypt were centers of culture and trade, holding hundreds of thousands of residents. Even after hundreds of years of Roman rule, the language and culture of these places remained essentially Greek. When emperors wanted to talk to their subjects in the east, they did it in Greek. When those subjects wanted to talk to the emperor, they used Greek to do so. Latin was a learned language of government administration, not what everyday people were speaking. Constantinople, the city founded by Constantine the Great on the spot of the Greek colony of Byzantium, became the center of this Greek- speaking eastern world. Red Full Movie Part 1 here.

That essential cultural and linguistic unity became one pillar of the Eastern Empire; the others were Roman political concepts and a deep, ostentatious, public Christian piety. Over the course of the fifth century, while things were falling apart in the west, these three things fused to create the unique mixture that would define the Byzantine Empire. What the Ottomans ended in 1. Constantinople was, in fact, a Roman Empire. The fifth century was bad for the entire Roman Empire.

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• The racy shot, posted to her Instagram, shows Hudson's derriere as she poses naked next to a window. The snap, taken by photographer Darren Ankenman, appears to be an.

While we think of Attila and the Huns as a threat to the west - after all, he was eventually stopped in Gaul and went on to ravage Italy - he actually did most of his damage along the Balkan frontiers in the east. Like the west, the east had to manage powerful groups of barbarians within its frontiers, and it had its own internal political divisions and usurpations. Why did the east survive while the west fell apart? The east had always been richer and more populous than the west, so it had a much greater resource base on which to draw. Its capital, Constantinople, was also its most important city; after the construction of its epic walls in the middle of the fifth century, it was practically impregnable.

These were deep, structural things from which the east benefited. Despite some upheavals, though, the east also benefited from political stability just at the time when the west was going to hell in a handbasket. The emperor Theodosius II ruled from 4.

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Theodosius II was feckless at worst and ineffectual at best, but he ruled for 4. In that time, he provided the anchor around whom that mixture of Greek language and culture, Roman political concepts, and Christian piety could take shape.

The pieces of government apparatus that allowed the east to run, its civil bureaucracy and standing army, never collapsed the way they did in the west. There was an institutional stability that outlasted any individual emperor, general, or court official. All of those factors and more played into the survival of the east. I’m Patrick Wyman, and if you’ve been around for a while, you probably saw a post or two about my old show, The Fall of Rome. My new show, Tides of History, is my attempt to go pro with these podcasts.

Tides of History covers the fall of the Roman Empire in addition to a parallel series of episodes on the rise of the modern world between 1. Think of Tides of History like a TV show that happens to have two seasons running simultaneously. If any of what this post has discussed sounds interesting to you, check out these two episodes below. The first explores the Eastern Roman Empire and what made it tick, while the second goes in depth into how and why the east survived and the west didn’t in the fifth century.

You can subscribe on Apple Podcasts, i. Tunes, Stitcher, Google Play, NPR One, and any other podcast app you can think of. Give it a listen and let me know what you think in the comments.

Episode 3 - Why Didn’t the Eastern Roman Empire Fall? Episode 4 - How the Eastern Roman Empire Survived Attila the Hun and the Disastrous Fifth Century: Further reading: Fergus Millar, A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief Under Theodosius II (4. Berkeley, 2. 00. 6)Anthony Kaldellis, The Byzantine Republic: People and Power in New Rome (Cambridge, 2. Stephen Williams and Gerald Friell, The Rome that Did Not Fall: The Survival of the East in the Fifth Century (London, 1. Christopher Kelly, Ruling the Later Roman Empire (Cambridge, 2.

Klaxons - Wikipedia. For the electromechanical device, see klaxon. For the Belgian accordion band, see The Klaxons. Klaxons are an English band, based in London. Following the release of several 7- inch singles on different independent record labels, as well as the success of previous singles "Magick" and "Golden Skans", the band released their debut album, Myths of the Near Future on 2. January 2. 00. 7.

The album won the 2. Nationwide Mercury Prize.[1] After playing festivals and headlining tours worldwide (including the NME Indie Rave Tour) during late 2. July 2. 00. 7.[2] Klaxons' second album, Surfing the Void, was released on 2. August 2. 01. 0. Their third album, Love Frequency, was released on 1. June 2. 01. 4.[3]History[edit]Formation (2.

Jamie Reynolds grew up in Bournemouth and Southampton.[4] He dropped out of studying philosophy at Greenwich University[5] to work in a record shop, Essential Records in Southampton, before moving to London after being made redundant.[6] Simon Taylor- Davis and James Righton grew up in Stratford- upon- Avon, meeting at Stratford- upon- Avon High School.[7] The trio formed in New Cross, London, after meeting through Reynolds' girlfriend.[8] Righton had been working as a teacher at the time.[9]James taught Simon how to play guitar,[6] and with Reynolds' redundancy money they purchased a studio kit.[8] They recorded and performed live under their early guise of "Klaxons (Not Centaurs)", name inspired by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's futurism text The Futurist Manifesto[1. Initially the band played with drummer Finnigan Kidd in 2. Kidd left to play with fellow New Cross band, Hatcham Social.

Replacement live drummer Steffan Halperin joined in February 2. Prefix Magazine in early 2. He remains mostly absent from the band's music videos, appearing only in the early video "Atlantis to Interzone" and briefly in the 2. Gravity's Rainbow". Around this time, the band began playing under their new, shortened name of Klaxons.[1.

Myths of the Near Future (2. Klaxons' debut single, "Gravity's Rainbow" was released in March 2. Angular Records.[7] Only 5. Radio 1's Steve Lamacq was the first DJ to play the band, and invited them to play a Maida Vale Studios live session on the strength of the single.[1. The band's second single, "Atlantis to Interzone", was released on 1.

June of the same year. It was their first release for independent record label. Merok Records, and led to further coverage in NME magazine.

The song enjoyed radio coverage from Zane Lowe and daytime airings from Jo Whiley, who repeatedly, and mistakenly, called the song "Atlantic To Interscope".[1. Zane Lowe also wrongly credited the song as "Atlantis To Interscope".[1. They released their first EP, Xan Valleys, on 1. October 2. 00. 6.[1.

It was released on Australian record label Modular Recordings, and contained their first two singles alongside various remixes.[1. The band played their first North American dates in New York's East Village in October 2.

The band signed to Polydor Records in August 2. Regarding the fee amount, James Righton said that it was "absurdly off the mark", and that the band signed for considerably less on the condition they would be given their own label imprint, Rinse Records. Their first single for the label, "Magick", was released on 3. October 2. 00. 6 and reached #2. UK Top 4. 0 the following week.[2. In August 2. 00. 6, Klaxons played at the Reading and Leeds festivals.

Fans sounded "Klaxons!" and cheered loudly between songs while brandishing glowsticks. This gave credit to the "New Rave" label, coined by Angular Records' founder Joe Daniel; later used by NME magazine to describe the scene.

Also in August, the Klaxons performed an acoustic set in Ibiza Weekend for UK's BBC Radio 1 at Ibiza Rocks festival with Zane Lowe. The first single from their debut album, "Golden Skans", was released on 2.

January 2. 00. 7. It reached #1. 6 in the UK Singles Chart on download sales alone, two weeks before the official release of the CD. It climbed to #1. CD release.[2. 2] On 2. January Klaxons performed on the BBC Radio 1.

Live Lounge, performing "Golden Skans" and a cover version of Justin Timberlake's "My Love".[2. The band then released "It's Not Over Yet", a cover of a song originally by Grace. The track included the "My Love" cover as a B- side, and peaked at #1. UK Singles Chart.[2. Their debut album, titled Myths of the Near Future, was released on 2. January 2. 00. 7.

It entered the UK Album Charts at #2, behind Norah Jones's album Not Too Late.[2. Percussion and drumming on the album was provided by the album's producer James Ford,[2. Halperin recording on "Atlantis to Interzone". On 1 October 2. 00. A Bugged Out Mix,[2. Reynolds. Klaxons singled out a new song that has strong progressive rock influences as a guide to one possible direction the album may go in, revealed recently NME magazine. Guitarist Simon Taylor said, "We wanna make something that's bigger and softer and louder and lo- fi and heavier produced - just lots of contradictions.

I think it's gonna be like the last record but swollen. We've been listening to a lot of European prog music, and dubstep, and dance and folk. A huge broad variety of things really. There's one track we've been playing in soundcheck, it's this massive prog opus."[2. Klaxons performed with the singer Rihanna on her song "Umbrella" which had "Golden Skans" mixed into the background during the Brit Awards 2. London on 2. 0 February 2.

Klaxons won 'Best Album' at the 2. NME Awards held at London's Indig. O2 Arena on 2. 8 February 2.

This followed having won 'Best New Band' the previous year. Klaxons also won 'Best International Album' and 'Best International Track' for "Golden Skans" at the first American NME awards, which were held in Los Angeles, California. Surfing the Void (2. Talk of a second album began in November 2. UK winter tour. Influences include dubstep, dance and folk music.[2.

The band was featured on Steve Aoki's debut album Pillowface and His Airplane Chronicles, contributing the Soulwax remix of "Gravity's Rainbow" for its release in January 2. They made their live return with a series of gigs in Europe and South America during October 2. Valley of the Calm Trees" and "Moonhead".[3. In an interview with NME magazine in November, the band confirmed they were heading to France to record with James Ford, aiming to be completed by December for release in early 2. The band made an appearance at Modular Records's Never. Ever. Land festival that toured around Australia in December 2. At the beginning of 2.

Madame Jojo's in London, their first in the capital since the NME Big Gig the previous year. During the set, the band featured new songs "Imaginary Pleasures" and "In Silver Forest", together with the previously aired "Moonhead" and "Valley of the Calm Trees".[3. In March 2. 00. 9, it was reported that the band had been told to re- record parts of their second album, after it was rejected by label Polydor.

The Sun newspaper confirmed that the label deemed it "too experimental" for release,[3. Reynolds stating that ".. In an interview with BBC News, Reynolds revealed that "Moonhead" and new track "Marble Fields and the Hydrolight Head of Delusion" were "probably going to make it", and that they were working with "Simian Mobile Disco production" during April–May 2.

Reynolds added that "Valley of the Calm Trees" had been retitled "The Parhelion", to reflect its lyrical content.[3.